The ironmaking process has not changed since the last century, relying mostly on BFs, whereas the steelmaking process changed drastically from basic open hearth (BOH) to BOFs. In the casting area, continuous casting replaced ingot casting. Reverse rolling and batch annealing were also taken over by tandem mill rolling and continuous annealing. Such changes in the framework of steelmaking were driven by cost and productivity in the past. Today, energy, environmental and quality issues are also driving similar changes, enhanced by technological progress in related areas. Some of the possible changes have been discussed in the previous sections, possible direction of the developments of steel materials in Section 6A and steel manufacturing processes in Section 6B. Any change stems, however, on the progress in unit process technology as a forerunner, and hence some candidate unit processes, which are expected to emerge in the coming three decades, have been depicted in the table. The nature of these process technological developments is classified as innovative, partial improvement, addition to existing one, or transfer from other industry. Each process is evaluated in terms of the nature of each technological development, estimated degree of industrialization, and possible period of implementation for industrialization. The period of industrialization is chosen to be by the year 2000, 2010 or 2020. There are some technologies which do not seem to be industrialized even by the year 2020. Such technologies are, however, not deleted from the table in view of the fact it would be nice if they are made as industrial reality in the future.