Computer graphics are being used ever more widely in many fields. Steel characterization has also benefited from computer graphics used to express the kind and amount of dissimilar elements in a material, as well as the distribution of temperature and stress. An example of the use of computer graphics to display the orientation of each grain of a polycrystal is shown here. The photograph shows a case in which the orientation of recrystallized grains obtained by heating a 3% silicon steel sheet after cold rolling was measured for each grain and the results for each orientation mapped in color. In the photograph, any difference in orientation between adjoining grains is also depicted. The greater the difference in orientation, the thicker the grain boundary will be displayed. The black parts are regions where no results for the orientation measurements were obtained. Figure(a) shows the planar orientations of grains parallel to the rolling plane, while Fig.(b) shows the direction of grains parallel to the rolling direction. These results suggest that the specimen has a large number of grains with an orientation in the (110) plane parallel to the rolling plane and in the [001] direction parallel to the rolling direction. Cold rolling causes excess strain energy to be accumulated in crystals by the introduction of dislocations. When the atoms diffuse as a result of subsequent heating, the dislocations can disappear, the excess strain energy is released, and new grains are formed. This phenomenon is called recrystallization. The orientation of the recrystallized grains may sometimes be uniform in a certain direction depending on the material condition and cold rolling conditions, resulting in the texture of a material. As is apparent from the photograph, each grain does not have a random orientation. Such characteristics of iron as the modulus of elasticity and ease of magnetization depend on crystal orientation. These characteristics can be improved by forming the desired texture, and this effect has been put into practical use in grain-oriented electrical steel sheet.